Cottonseed oil liquid color composition and method

ABSTRACT

A liquid colorant for use in molding or extruding plastic products comprises pigment dispersed in cottonseed oil.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT PROPERTIES

This patent application is a 35 USC 120 continuation of U.S. Ser. No.15/886,137, entitled “Cottonseed Oil Based Additive Compositions forPlastic Molding and Extrusion,” filed 2 Feb. 2018 in the name of StephenB. Maguire, published as U.S. 2018-0155523 A1 on 7 Jun. 2018. Thisapplication claims the priority of the '137 application under 35 USC120.

This patent application is also a 35 USC 120 continuation of U.S. Ser.No. 15/432,495, entitled “Liquid Color Composition With Cottonseed OilBase,” filed 14 Feb. 2017 in the name of Stephen B. Maguire, andpublished as U.S. 20174-0152366 A1, on 1 Jun. 2017. This applicationclaims the priority of the '495 application under 35 USC 120.

This patent application is also a 35 USC 120 continuation of U.S. Ser.No. 15/883,501, entitled “Cottonseed Oil Based Liquid Color CompositionAnd Plastics Coloring Method Using The Same,” filed 30 Jan. 2018 in thename of Stephen B. Maguire, published as U.S. 2018-0155522 A1 on 7 Jun.2018. This application claims the priority of the '501 application under35 USC 120.

This patent application further claims the benefit of the priority ofU.S. Pat. No. 9,708,462, entitled “Liquid Color Composition WithCottonseed Oil Base,” issued 18 Jul. 2017 in the name of Stephen B.Maguire. The priority of the '462 patent is claimed through the '495application. The '462 patent issued from U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/333,579, filed 17 Jul. 2014.

This patent application also claims the benefit of the priority of U.S.provisional patent application 61/847,119, entitled “Liquid ColorComposition with Cottonseed Oil Base,” filed 17 Jul. 2013 in the name ofStephen B. Maguire. The priority of the '119 application is claimedthrough the '462 patent under 35 USC 120.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

This invention involves the use of cottonseed oil as the primaryingredient or a secondary ingredient for the liquid carrier whenmanufacturing liquid color for the plastics industry.

Description of the Prior Art

Plastic products are most often colored.

Color pigments begin in powder form. Because powder is messy anddifficult to handle, it is almost always pre-dispersed into some“carrier” that is easier to handle.

Typically color pigment is pre-dispersed into pellets of plastic resin,with the pellets containing typically 50% pigment, by weight. In theUnited States, these pellets are referred to as “concentrate” and inEurope as “masterbatch”.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is notintended to limit the described embodiments of the invention or uses ofthe described embodiments. As used herein, the words “exemplary” and“illustrative” mean “serving as an example, instance, or forillustration.” Implementations or embodiments or abstracts disclosedherein as being “exemplary” or “illustrative” are not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other implementations,aspects, or embodiments. All of the implementations or embodimentsdescribed in this description are exemplary implementations andembodiments provided to enable persons of skill in the art to make andto use the implementations and embodiments as disclosed below, tootherwise practice the invention, and are not intended to limit thescope of the invention, which is defined by the claims.

Furthermore, by this disclosure, there is no intention on the part ofthe Applicant to be bound by any express or implied theory presented inthe description of the invention. It is to be understood that thespecific implementations, devices, processes, aspects, and the likedescribed in the following portion of the application, usually referredto as the “specification,” are simply exemplary embodiments of theinventive concepts defined in the claims. Accordingly, specific physicalcharacteristics relating to the embodiments disclosed herein are not tobe considered as limiting as respecting the invention unless the claimsexpressly state otherwise.

A better method to make the pigment easier to handle is to pre-dispersethe pigment into a liquid carrier. This is the method to which thisinvention is directed.

The liquid carrier for the pigment must be compatible with the plasticresin to which it is to be added. Different resins may require differentcarriers. When selecting a liquid carrier, certain characteristics aredesirable while other characteristics must be avoided.

Surfactants, or “soap-like” carriers can cause “slip” in the molding orextrusion process, which must be avoided.

The liquid carrier must not break down at the high temperatures requiredin the molding or extrusion process that melts the plastic resin.

Carrier liquids that impart an odor to the final part cannot be usedwhen molding or extruding products to be used to contain food, such asplastic water bottles.

Cost and availability of the carrier liquid are always factors.

Heretofore, no single liquid carrier solves all these problems. Howeverthis invention is based on the discovery that cottonseed oil is superiorto many other carriers in meeting a number of these requirements andsolving many or the problems. Cottonseed oil has not previously beenused as a carrier for pigment in making liquid color to be used inplastics molding or extrusion.

Cottonseed oil has a relatively high flash point, and a high smokepoint, well above 400° F. Most other liquids that could be used ascarriers smoke below 400° F.

Cottonseed oil has very little odor. Cottonseed oil is known to be usedas a cooking oil that does not impart any flavor to the food beingcooked. This is a benefit when molding or extruding plastic productsused for food packaging.

Cottonseed oil is high in antioxidants, providing an advantage inpreserving products packaged in plastic that has been molded or extrudedusing a cottonseed oil carrier for the liquid color that provides colorfor the product packaging.

Cottonseed oil is high in vitamin “E”, an antioxidant, which is oftenrequired as an additive when using other carriers.

Cottonseed oil is commercially available in bulk qualities, and iscompetitively priced. As used herein and as used in the practice of theinvention “cottonseed oil” means oil that has been obtained from seedsof cotton plants, typically by mechanically pressing the seeds to removethe oil from the seeds; as used herein and as used in the practice ofthe invention the cottonseed oil is “pure”, meaning that it has not beenamidized or partially amidized or otherwise processed after beingextracted from the seeds of cotton plants.

In one of its aspects, this invention provides a method of fabricating aplastic article of pre-selected color where the method includespreparing a blend, where the blend comprises solid plastic resin pelletsand liquid color of a hue and in an amount to impart the pre-selectedcolor to the article to be fabricated, where the liquid color includescottonseed oil, and thereafter forming the blend under pressure and heatinto the plastic article. The method may be accomplished either byinjection molding or by extrusion. In practice of this aspect of theinvention, the liquid color preferably comprises at least one dispersionof a single color pigment in cottonseed oil. Even more preferably, theliquid color may comprise a plurality of such dispersions, each of asingle pigment, in cottonseed oil.

The method may further include the liquid color comprising at least oneadditive to facilitate fabrication of the plastic article, where theadditive may be selected from the group comprising lubricants, blowingagents, light stabilizers, nucleating agents, antistatic agents andantioxidants.

In another aspect of this invention, the invention provides a liquidcolorant for use in molding or extruding plastic products where thecolorant comprises pigment dispersed in cottonseed oil. In a morelimited aspect of the invention, the invention provides a liquidcolorant for use in molding or extruding plastic products consisting ofonly pigment and cottonseed oil.

In still another aspect, this invention provides a liquid colorant foruse in molding or extruding plastic products where the colorant includespigment, cottonseed oil, and at least one additive, with the additivedesirably being dispersed together with the pigment in the cottonseedoil. In this aspect of the invention, the additive may be one or morelubricants, blowing agents, light stabilizers, nucleating agents,antistatic agents, and antioxidants.

In the preferred practice of this invention, a single pigment dispersionis prepared initially by dispersing pigment of a desired color incottonseed oil to create a liquid blend. The pigment is initiallyintroduced into a vat of cottonseed oil which acts as a liquid carrier.The pigment is stirred into the cottonseed oil. The pigment is added tothe cottonseed oil in the known correct proportion. Typically the batchof pigment added to the cottonseed oil is from 50% to 70% by weight ofthe resulting pigment-cottonseed oil blend. That is the preferred range;the range can be as low as 25% by weight of pigment relative to theweight of the resulting pigment-cottonseed oil blend up to 80% by weightof pigment to the weight of the resulting pigment-cottonseed oil blend.

In general, it is desirable to put as much pigment into the cottonseedoil as is possible.

Next the dispersion of the pigment in the cottonseed oil is milled bypassing the liquid through a mill that serves to break down anyagglomerates of pigment that may remain in the single pigmentdispersion, thereby reducing the particle size of the pigment to assmall a size as possible. The resulting particles of pigment powder arevery, very small, which produces the fullest, richest color. Milling thesingle pigment dispersion allows the use of less pigment to perform theparticular coloring function thereby reducing costs. The milling may bedone using a roller mill or a sand mill. Both roller mills and sandmills are common industrial mills.

In the practice of the invention, it is desirable at times to produce acolor that is not one of the colors of the basic pigment. In such case,two or more single pigment dispersions, each dispersion being of asingle pigment in cottonseed oil, are prepared. The two or more singlepigment dispersions are then blended together to produce a resultingdispersion exhibiting the correct hue or shade of color as desired. Theresulting dispersion is then milled. This two-step process allowsmilling of a larger quantity of pigment in the resulting dispersion atone time so that clean up between milling different colors is lessfrequent and avoids the expense of milling of each of the single pigmentdispersions separately.

Use of cottonseed oil as the carrier for the single pigment dispersionor the blend of single pigment dispersion results in liquid color thatis compatible with nearly all resins that are currently used in plasticmolding and extrusion. The cottonseed oil-based pigment dispersion doesnot leach out of any finished product, nor does the cottonseed oil byitself leach out of any finished product. The cottonseed oil has beenfound to hold the pigment powder particles in suspension very well andaccepts a high loading of pigment.

The pigment-cottonseed oil liquid colorant in accordance with theinvention may be used to color most commercially used thermoplastics,whether processed by means of extrusion, injection molding or blowmolding, as well as thermoplastics that are processed using lessconventional processes. When properly formulated, the pigment-cottonseedoil liquid color according to the invention is not just compatible witha base resin, but frequently improves the fabricating process and/or theperformance properties of the fabricated plastic parts.

Liquid color according to this invention may be formulated in variousways to provide various advantageous product characteristics. Forexample, commodity colorants may be formulated in accordance with theinvention to maximize savings without sacrificing processability andcosmetic appearance of the final plastic parts. Such commodity colorantsoffer the processor economics of color and are suitable for massmanufacture of volume parts such as housewares, disposable goods, toysand the like.

The invention also has applicability to providing liquid color for usein fabricating articles designed for outdoor use, specifically for lawnand garden applications, for the toy and recreation industries. Theliquid color in accordance with the invention may be formulated to meetvery stringent requirements of heat stability and light fastness of theresulting fabricated color parts. Such parts may be used in applicationsrequiring extended exposure to sunlight and/or unusually hightemperatures during the fabrication process.

The liquid color according to the invention may be produced to providespecial effects such as fluorescent, phosphorescent, pearlescent, andnon-dispersing finishes, where such unconventional appearances dictatedby the design of the parts.

Liquid color in accordance with the invention is typically from 20% to40% cheaper than use of pelletized color concentrate.

In another method for practicing the invention, one may make liquidcolor for use in the course of molding or extruding plastic parts byinitially providing a collection of pigments. Next, one selects aformula for the pigment(s) and liquid carrier that will provide liquidcolor in a desired hue for coloring plastic parts being molded orextruded. Selecting the formula may be a “trial and error” process, inthat slight changes in hue as required by a customer require changes inthe pigment constituency, thereby requiring experimentation as to theexact formula of pigments required to produce the required hue. Once theformula has been established for the amount of pigment(s) and the amountof liquid carrier, the pigments are selected in amounts required by theformula by the collection of pigments. A liquid carrier of cottonseedoil is provided in an amount according to the formula and the selectedpigments are then blended, preferably but not necessarily all at once,into the cottonseed oil to produce a required liquid color. When thisapproach is used, the finished liquid color is generally not milled, asthe mill would have to be cleaned after every color blend. However, suchliquid color can be milled if necessary. This method of the inventionavoids the two-step process of making the single pigment dispersions,milling single pigment dispersions individually, and then combining thesingle pigment dispersions to produce the required liquid color.

The processing of thermoplastic resin and/or the performance of thefabricated plastic parts can often be greatly enhanced through use ofadditives. Many commercial resins already include additives. However,significant benefits can be derived from further modification of suchcompounds in many cases. Moreover, use of additives affords a plasticsprocessor the opportunity to tailor the plastic resin material to aspecific application.

Processing aid-type additives improve productivity of the molding orextrusion machinery through reduction of internal friction; theseadditives are referred to as “lubricants.” Other processing aid-typeadditives change polymer morphology and are referred to as “nucleatingagents.” Still other processing aid-type additives remove excessive heatand are in the form of endothermic blowing agents. Yet additionalprocessing aid-type additives suppress thermal decomposition duringprocessing and are generally referred to as “antioxidants.”

Other additives, such as blowing agents and optical brighteners, enhanceaesthetics and/or performance properties of the final parts by, forexample, providing antistatic properties or ultraviolet lightstabilization characteristics to the product. Modification of propertiesof thermopolymers through the addition of various chemical additives iseconomically preferable to the introduction of an entirely new resin.The most economical way to add these additives to the molding orextrusion process is through the use of liquid color in accordance withthis invention.

Although schematic implementations of present invention and at leastsome of its advantages are described in detail hereinabove, it should beunderstood that various changes, substitutions and alterations may bemade to the apparatus and methods disclosed herein without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appendedclaims. The disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in allrespects as being illustrative and not restrictive with the scope of theinvention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by theforegoing description. All changes which come within the meaning andrange of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embracedtherein. Moreover, the scope of this patent application is not intendedto be limited to the particular implementations of apparatus and methodsdescribed in the specification, nor to any methods that may be describedor inferentially understood by those skilled in the art to be present asdescribed in this specification.

As disclosed above and from the foregoing description of exemplaryembodiments of the invention, it will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art to which the invention pertains that the principlesand particularly the compositions and methods disclosed herein can beused for applications other than those specifically mentioned. Further,as one of skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosureof the invention as set forth hereinabove, apparatus, methods, and stepspresently existing or later developed, which perform substantially thesame function or achieve substantially the same result as thecorresponding embodiments described and disclosed hereinabove, may beutilized according to the description of the invention and the claimsappended hereto. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended toinclude within their scope such apparatus, methods, and processes thatprovide the same result or which are, as a matter of law, embraced bythe doctrine of the equivalents respecting the claims of thisapplication.

As used in the claims below, “comprising” means “including” while“consisting of” means “having only”, and “consisting essentially of”means having the stated constituents plus trivial amounts of otherreagents which do not materially affect the properties of the claimedproduct.

I claim the following:
 1. A method of molding or extruding plastic partscomprising the steps of: a) providing a collection of pigments in powderform; b) providing a quantity of cottonseed oil in non-amidized andnon-partially-amidized form for use as a cottonseed oil carrier; c)creating a plurality of single pigment dispersions each in thecottonseed oil carrier, each of the plurality of single pigmentdispersions consisting of the single pigment and the cottonseed oilcarrier; d) blending selected ones of the plurality of single pigmentdispersions to create a blend of a desired color shade; e) milling theblend; and f) adding the blend to form thermoplastic resin in the courseof molding or extrusion.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pigment ineach of the plurality of single pigment dispersions comprises from about50% to about 70% by weight of the dispersion.
 3. The method of claim 1wherein the pigment in each of the plurality of single pigmentdispersions comprises from about 25% to about 80% by weight of thedispersion.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the pigment in the blend ofthe plurality of single pigment dispersions comprises from about 25% toabout 80% by weight of the blend.
 5. A method of making liquid color foruse in molding or extruding plastic parts comprising the steps of: a)providing a collection of pigments in powder form; b) providing aquantity of cottonseed oil in non-amidized and non-partially-amidizedform for use as a cottonseed oil carrier; c) creating a plurality ofsingle pigment dispersions each in the cottonseed oil carrier, each ofthe plurality of single pigment dispersions consisting of a single oneof the pigments and the cottonseed oil carrier; d) blending selectedones of the plurality of single pigment dispersions to create a blend ofa desired color shade; and e) milling the blend.
 6. The method of claim1 wherein the pigment in the blend of the plurality of single pigmentdispersions comprises from about 25% to about 80% by weight of theblend.
 7. The method of claim 5 further comprising adding at least oneadditive selected from the group comprising lubricants, blowing agents,light stabilizers, nucleating agents, antistatic agents andantioxidants, to the blend.